Snakes are among the first things we imagine when we think of venomous creatures. While thousands of species of snakes are harmless, a few have venom capable of killing a human and pose a serious threat to anyone living, working, or playing in their habitats. Though the world is home to more than 3,400 snake species, only some are venomous, but the risk of coming across these dangerous reptiles is much higher in certain parts of the United States. This article walks you through the U.S. states with the highest prevalence of venomous snakes, highlighting what you should know about the species, and how to be safe in these regions.
7. Mississippi
There are more than 50 snake species in Mississippi, six of which are venomous: Southern copperheads, cottonmouths, Eastern coral snakes, pygmy rattlesnakes, timber rattlesnakes and Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes. While snake bites are relatively uncommon in Mississippi, with 135 reported in 2019, knowing which snakes to avoid is critical for safety.
6. Alabama
Alabama has 66 snake species in total, including six venomous ones: the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, timber rattlesnake, pygmy rattlesnake, copperhead, cottonmouth and coral snake. According to reports, around 208 venomous snake bites occurred in Alabama in 2024, highlighting the need for awareness and proactive measures for those who live or visit the state.
5. Oklahoma
Tornadoes are not the only danger in Oklahoma, the state has a large snake population as well. Among its 46 snake species, seven are venomous, including cottonmouths, copperheads, Western diamondback rattlesnakes, timber rattlesnakes, Western pygmy rattlesnakes, Western massasaugas, and prairie rattlesnakes. Oklahoma has one of the highest rates of snake bites per capita in the United States, with the national average being twice as high as in other states.
4. California
California, known for its beautiful small towns, has 33 snake species, six of which are venomous, and they are all rattlers. Western rattlesnakes, Western diamondback rattlesnakes, red diamond rattlesnakes, Southwestern speckled rattlesnakes, Mojave rattlesnakes, and Panamint rattlesnakes. Approximately 221 people are bitten by snakes each year in California, underscoring the importance of being careful in both urban and natural areas.
3. New Mexico
As charming as its moniker might be, New Mexico is home to 50 species of snake, eight of which are venomous. Rock rattlesnakes, Western diamondback rattlesnakes, Western (prairie) rattlesnakes, Mojave rattlesnakes, black-tailed rattlesnakes, massasaugas, and Western coral snakes may be encountered by residents and visitors. While exploring the state’s beautiful outdoor spaces, a cautionary eye will be important to avoid a potentially deadly encounter.
2. Texas
There are about 105 snake species in Texas, with 15 considered potentially dangerous. Among these, five are considered exceptionally venomous: the Texas diamondback rattlesnake, the copperhead, the Texas coral snake, the timber rattlesnake, and the cottonmouth. These snakes play a crucial role in the ecosystem, preying on small mammals like rats, small birds, and other small snakes. While they generally avoid humans, they will attack when threatened, and awareness and caution are therefore vital.
1. Arizona
Arizona is known for having the deadliest snakes in America. Of its 40 snake species, a large portion is venomous, including the Arizona coral snake, Mexican vine snake, lyre snake, and several rattlesnake varieties, including the sidewinder, arizona black, great basin, and Hopi rattlesnakes. The state also harbors the Mojave, tiger, ridge-nosed, Northern blacktail, speckled, prairie, Western diamondback, twin-spotted, and Grand Canyon rattlesnakes, contributing to the 250 to 350 snake bites reported every year in Arizona.
Understanding Venomous Snake Distribution in the United States
Snakes are present on every continent except Antarctica, and the United States is no exception. Venomous snakes can be found in all states except Alaska, making it essential to know the most common locations. Certain states offer more favorable environments for various venomous species, leading to higher population densities and, consequently, a higher chance of an encounter.
Precautions and Safety Measures
Regardless of the state, taking precautions can greatly reduce the chances of getting bitten by a snake in any state. When outside, wear long pants and boots; and avoid walking through tall grass or thick brush, where snakes can hide. Exercise caution when picking up rocks or logs, and never try to catch or touch a snake.
What to Do If Bitten
If bitten by a venomous snake, seek immediate medical attention. Stay calm, immobilize the affected limb, and remove any restrictive clothing and jewelry. Do not attempt to suck out the venom or apply a tourniquet. Getting to a hospital as soon as possible is critical for receiving antivenom and proper treatment.
Education and Awareness
Education is a powerful tool in preventing snake bites. Knowing which snakes in your area are venomous can help you make smart choices and take proper precautions. Several local and state agencies have resources and programs aimed at teaching the public about snake safety.
Living Safely with Snakes
Although many people find venomous snakes scary, it is possible to live alongside these spectacular creatures. By understanding their behavior, taking sensible precautions, and seeking prompt medical attention if bitten, you can minimize the risks and enjoy the natural beauty of the outdoors without undue fear.
