Birds of paradise are known for their bright plumage and intricate dancing that woos females. But these aren’t the only aspects of their beauty. It has been discovered only recently that these birds actually glow in the dark in the blue, green, and orange colors. Read on to discover how they do this.
What Is Biofluorescence?
Biofluorescence is the process where an organism takes in high-energy ultraviolet light and re-emits it at a lower energy level, producing a glow. This character is displayed by many marine organisms, insects and even some mammals, but to the best of our knowledge, birds of paradise have not been reported until now to possess this luminescence.
A Spectacular Surprise
We investigated all 45 species of birds-of-paradise and discovered that 37 of them were biofluorescent. This discovery enlarges the already complex courtship performances of these birds and makes their courting even more aesthetic.
Where Do They Glow?
All parts of the birds’ bodies were discovered to have glowing features. Some of the species have biofluorescent beaks, tails, stomachs, and even feet. In very few cases, the fluorescence was also observed in the interior of their mouth – a rather creepy but interesting detail that makes these creatures quite alien.
Male vs. Female Glow
Both male and female birds-of-paradise are biofluorescent and display different patterns. Most of the time, males have more glowing regions than females, whereas females have more subdued fluorescence that may help them blend in with their surroundings.
The Blue-Capped Ifrit Connection
When examining the blue-capped ifrit, a close relative of birds-of-paradise, researchers found that both sexes of this species had biofluorescence on their feet and bills, with males also having glowing eye stripes.
How Scientists Made the Discovery
The team examined museum specimens from the American Museum of Natural History under ultraviolet light. By analysing their fluorescence, they determined patterns across species and thus uncovered this secret for the first time in birds of paradise.
The Role in Mating Displays
Scientists think that biofluorescence is used in courtship. Perhaps in the tangled canopies of the forests, where these birds live, they will glow and distinguish themselves against the background.
Super Black Feathers & Contrast
Some birds-of-paradise have very black feathers, which means that they can absorb almost all light. It’s possible that this extreme contrast enhances their biofluorescence and makes glowing regions look even more vibrant when they are performing for potential mates.
Camouflage & Survival
While males use fluorescence to lure females, females may employ it differently. Experts explain that their reduced glow could help them stay hidden in the forest by breaking up their feather patterns and making them less noticeable to predators.
Why This Matters
This discovery changes our knowledge of bird vision and communication. Birds can see ultra violet light, making their world quite different from that of humans. Biofluorescence could be a key factor in social relations, fighting and survival of birds of paradise.
Future Research & Questions
How do young birds gain fluorescence? Does it evolve with age? Does it depend on diet or environment? Further investigations will determine the precise role of this extraordinary feature and how it has benefited these beautiful birds.
Birds of Paradise: Unveiling Their Mysterious Glow
Birds of paradise were already beautiful animals, but their stealth glow makes them even more mysterious and impressive. This discovery shows that there is still much to learn about the world we thought we knew.
