In 1782, the Second Continental Congress adopted the bald eagle as the central emblem on the Great Seal of the United States, symbolizing strength and freedom. This majestic bird, native to North America, was chosen for its long life, great strength, and noble appearance. Despite its prominent presence on official seals and documents, the bald eagle was not legally designated as the national bird until December 2024.
Legislative Oversight Corrected
The bald eagle served as a de facto national symbol for over two centuries without formal legislative recognition. This oversight was rectified on December 23, 2024, when President Joe Biden signed a bill officially designating the bald eagle as the national bird of the United States. This act amended Title 36 of the United States Code, ensuring the bird’s status is now codified in law.
The Great Seal and Its Significance
The Great Seal, adopted in 1782, features the bald eagle clutching an olive branch and arrows, symbolizing the nation’s commitment to peace and readiness for war. This design has been used on official documents, currency, and military insignia, reinforcing the bald eagle’s association with American ideals. The seal’s imagery reflects the founders’ vision of the United States as a sovereign and resilient nation.
Benjamin Franklin’s Turkey Tale
A popular myth suggests Benjamin Franklin preferred the turkey over the bald eagle as the national symbol. In reality, Franklin expressed some reservations about the bald eagle’s moral character in a private letter but did not advocate for the adoption of the turkey. This anecdote has been exaggerated over time, becoming part of American folklore.
The Bald Eagle’s Near Extinction
By the mid-20th century, bald eagle populations faced severe decline due to habitat loss, hunting, and the effects of pesticides like DDT. In 1963, the number of nesting pairs in the contiguous United States dropped to just 417. This alarming decrease prompted conservation efforts to protect and restore the species.
Conservation Efforts and Recovery
The banning of DDT in 1972, along with legal protections and habitat restoration, led to a remarkable resurgence of the bald eagle population. By 2007, the species was removed from the Endangered Species List, marking a significant conservation success. Today, the bald eagle thrives across the United States, symbolizing national pride and the effectiveness of environmental stewardship.
Cultural Significance in Native American Traditions
The bald eagle holds profound spiritual significance in various Native American cultures. Its feathers are used in ceremonies and rituals, symbolizing honor, strength, and connection to the divine. The bird’s revered status predates its adoption as a national emblem, highlighting its deep-rooted importance across the continent.
The Bald Eagle in Modern America
Beyond its symbolic role, the bald eagle has become a subject of interest for bird watchers and nature enthusiasts. Its successful recovery has led to increased sightings nationwide, inspiring educational programs and wildlife tourism. The bird’s presence serves as a reminder of America’s natural heritage and the importance of conservation.
The Legislative Journey to Official Recognition
The journey to officially designate the bald eagle as the national bird involved bipartisan efforts in Congress. Lawmakers from states with significant bald eagle populations, such as Minnesota, played key roles in advancing the legislation. Their collaboration culminated in the bill’s unanimous passage, reflecting a shared commitment to honoring this iconic species.
Presidential Endorsement
President Biden’s signing of the bill on December 23, 2024, solidified the bald eagle’s status in U.S. law. This act corrected a historical oversight and reaffirmed the bird’s emblematic representation of American values. The formal recognition underscores the nation’s respect for its symbols and ideals.
Public Reaction and Celebration
The official designation of the bald eagle as the national bird was met with widespread public approval. Conservationists, educators, and citizens celebrated the decision, viewing it as a testament to successful wildlife recovery efforts. Festivals and educational events were organized nationwide to honor the bird and raise awareness about ongoing conservation needs.
The Bald Eagle’s Role in Education
The bald eagle is a powerful educational tool, symbolizing resilience and the impact of environmental policies. Schools and organizations utilize its story to teach lessons on ecology, history, and the importance of protecting natural resources. The bird’s journey from near extinction to a national symbol offers insights into human responsibility and action.
Looking Ahead: The Bald Eagle’s Future
While the bald eagle’s recovery is a conservation success story, ongoing efforts are essential to maintain and protect its habitats. Environmental changes and human activities continue to pose challenges. Continued vigilance and support for conservation programs are vital to ensure that the bald eagle remains a thriving symbol of American freedom and resilience.
